He also wrote five books: Crossing the Threshold of Hope (October 1994) Gift and Mystery: On the Fiftieth Anniversary of My Priestly Ordination (November 1996) Roman Triptych, meditations in poetry (March 2003) Rise, Let Us Be on Our Way (May 2004) and Memory and Identity (February 2005). His principal documents include 14 Encyclicals, 15 Apostolic Exhortations, 11 Apostolic Constitutions and 45 Apostolic Letters. His international apostolic journeys numbered 104 and were expressions of the constant pastoral solicitude of the Successor of Peter for all the Churches. Pope John Paul II made 146 pastoral visits in Italy and, as the Bishop of Rome, he visited 317 of the current 322 Roman parishes. On 16 October 1978, Cardinal Wojtyła was elected Pope and on 22 October he began his ministry as universal Pastor of the Church. He also took part in the five assemblies of the Synod of Bishops prior to the start of his Pontificate. On 13 January 1964, Pope Paul VI appointed Bishop Wojtyła as Archbishop of Krakow and subsequently, on 26 June 1967, created him a Cardinal.īishop Wojtyła took part in the Second Vatican Council (1962- 1965) and made a significant contribution to the drafting of the Constitution Gaudium et Spes. Archbishop Eugeniusz Baziak ordained him in Wawel Cathedral (Krakow) on 28 September 1958. On 4 July 1958, Pope Pius XII appointed Father Wojtyła auxiliary bishop of Krakow, with the titular see of Ombi. Later he became professor of moral theology and ethics in the major seminary of Krakow and in the theology faculty of Lublin. In 1953, Father Wojtyła presented a dissertation at the Jagellonian University of Krakow on the possibility of grounding a Christian ethic on the ethical system developed by Max Scheler. He was a university chaplain until 1951, when he again undertook studies in philosophy and theology. In 1948, Father Wojtyła returned to Poland and was appointed a curate in the parish church of Niegowić, near Krakow, and later at Saint Florian in the city. While a student in Rome, he spent his vacations exercising pastoral ministry among Polish emigrants in France, Belgium and Holland. He wrote his dissertation on faith as understood in the works of Saint John of the Cross. Father Wojtyła was then sent by Cardinal Sapieha to Rome, where he attained a doctorate in theology (1948). During that time, he was one of the organizers of the "Rhapsodic Theatre", which was also clandestine.Īfter the war, Karol continued his studies in the major seminary, newly reopened, and in the school of theology at the Jagellonian University, until his priestly ordination in Krakow on 1 November 1946. When the occupying Nazi forces closed the University in 1939, Karol worked (1940-1944) in a quarry and then in the Solvay chemical factory to earn a living and to avoid deportation to Germany.įeeling called to the priesthood, he began his studies in 1942 in the clandestine major seminary of Krakow, directed by the Archbishop Adam Stefan Sapieha. After completing high school in Wadowice, he enrolled in the Jagellonian University of Krakow in 1938. He was nine years old when he received his First Communion and eighteen when he received the Sacrament of Confirmation. His elder brother Edmund, a physician, died in 1932, and his father, Karol, a non-commissioned officer in the army, died in 1941. He was the third of three children born to Karol Wojtyła and Emilia Kaczorowska, who died in 1929. Karol Józef Wojtyła, elected Pope on 16 October 1978, was born in Wadowice, Poland, on.
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